AGAINST RELIGIOUS FOOLISHNESS

CAN YOU BELIEVE IN THEIR GOD? Plus Prof. Nagel on God

Home | Reasons for Rejecting Religion--jk Prof. Earnest Nagel | Creationism & flood foolishness | CAN YOU BELIEVE IN THEIR GOD? Plus Prof. Nagel on God | HITLER THE CATHOLIC | POEM ON CHRISTIAN RELIGION:--a rant by jk | Christian TV Propaganda--JK's newpaper article 1980 | Doc-Laura-OT-Morality | The Biblical Position on Women--McKinsey | CAN SCIENCE EXPLAIN EVENTS IN THE BIBLE? | INTELLECTUAL & EMOTIONAL REASONS TO BELIEVE--Michael Shermer | VIRUSES OF THE MIND--Richard Dawkins | No God--Prof. Dawkins | ON MIRACLES--David Hume | The Practice and Price of Symbolic Interpretation of the Scriptures--JK | LOGICIAL IMPOSSIBILITY OF DIVINE CAUSE--by a philosophy prof. | Secret quasi-religious organizations--with links | RELIGION/CHRISITIAN BOOK LIST | RELIGIOUS QUOTES | QUOTES ON RELIGION--ALPHABETIC

Enter subhead content here

Magic Mushrooms
hoffmann-shrums.jpg

 

The Christians incongruously “get around” this by claiming that Jesus was of the line of David.  However, neither Luke nor Matthew could agree on whom were the ancestors—I guess their divine inspirations differed.  Moreover, Mary in their myth has Jesus born of the seed of god.  Even if Mary was of the line of David, this would be irrelevant for everyone then knew that the woman was the field and the husband the seed.  Therefore being born of Mary does not make, to either the Jews or the Romans, Jesus of the line of David.  Finally, the much of the story in mark, and also the very project of the revising of Mark by Luke and Matthew makes sense only when one realize that these authors believed that the life of Jesus happened according to the scriptures.  “Early Christians were confident that in order to find out about him, they did not need to engage in historical research or consult witnesses [for there weren’t any available] (in our understanding of these two approaches); they found detailed history in the ancient oracles of the Hebrew Bible, read as a book about Jesus.”  Randel Helms, Gospel Fictions, Prometheus Books, Buffalo, 1988, p. 134.  With this understanding which includes the belief that Jesus was greater than the Old Testament Prophets and leaders, much of the Jesus myth told in the Gospels falls within these two parameters. 

 

 

 

The very stories are sufficient for rejection of the Christian and Jewish faiths.  Add to this their theology and their conception of their gods and the project requires an act of gullibility (which they call faith).

If you doubt the words of James Mill: "represented their gods as wicked, in a constantly increasing progression, that mankind have gone on adding trait after trait till they reached the most perfect conception of wickedness which the human mind can devise, and have called this God, and prostrated themselves before it. This ne plus ultra of wickedness he considered to be embodied in what is commonly presented to mankind as the creed of Christianity." 
 
The Christians out did the Hebrews by as Mill put it:  "Think (he used to say) of a being who would make a hell-who would create the human race with the infallible foreknowledge, and therefore with the intention-that the great majority of them were to be consigned to horrible and everlasting torment."
 
CAN YOU BELIEVE IN THEIR GOD?  
 
Below is the Hebrew foundation, which the Christians built upon.
 

 

HE CREATES EVIL: "I form the light, and create darkness: I make peace, and create evil: I the Lord do all these things" (Isa. 45:7). "Is it not from the mouth of the Most High that good and evil come?" (Lam. 3:38). "...that I may repent of the evil, which I purpose to do unto them because of the evil of their doings" (Jer. 26:3). "...all the evil which I purpose to do unto them; that they may return every man from his evil way; that I may forgive their iniquity and their sin" (Jer. 36:3). "I gave them also statutes that were not good, and judgments whereby they should not live. And I polluted them in their own gifts...." (Ezek. 20:25-26). "For thus saith the Lord; as I have brought all this great evil upon this people, so will I bring upon them all the good that I have promised them" (Jer. 32:42). "...shall there be evil in a city, and the Lord hath not done it?" (Amos 3:6). See also: Jer. 11:11, 14:16, 18:11, 19:3, 19:15, 23:12, 26:13, 26:19, 35:17, 36:31, 40:2, 42:10, 42:17, 44:2, 45:5, 49:37, 51:64, Ezek. 6:10, Micah 2:3, 1 Kings 21:29, 2 Chron. 34:24, and 2 Chron. 34:28

EVIL COMES FROM THE LORD: "it came to pass, when the evil spirit from God was upon Saul, that David took an harp, and played with his hand: so Saul was refreshed, and was well, and the evil spirit departed from him" (1 Sam. 16:23). "It came to pass on the morrow, that the evil spirit from God came upon Saul...." (1 Sam. 18:10). "The evil spirit from the Lord was upon Saul...." (1 Sam. 19:9). "Saul's servants said unto him, Behold now, an evil spirit from God troubles thee" (1 Sam. 16:15). "The spirit of the Lord departed from Saul, and an evil spirit from the Lord troubles him" (1 Sam. 16:14). "...evil came down from the Lord unto the gate of Jerusalem" (Micah 1:12). "Thus saith the Lord, Behold I will raise up evil against thee out of thine own house, and I will take thy wives before thine eyes, and give them unto thy neighbor, and he shall lie with thy wives in the sight of this sun. For thou did it secretly: but I will do this thing before all Israel, and before the sun" (2 Sam. 12:11-12). "God sent an evil spirit between Abimelech and the men of Shechem...." (Judges 9:23). See also: 1 Kings 14:10, 2 Kings 21:12, and Isa. 31:2.

HE DECEIVES: "O Lord, thou hast deceived me, and I was deceived...." (Jer. 20:7). "If the prophet be deceived when he hath spoken a thing, I the Lord have deceived that prophet, and I will stretch out my hand upon him, and will destroy him from the midst of my people Israel" (Ezek. 14:9). "Ah, Lord God! Surely thou hast greatly deceived this people and Jerusalem, saying, Ye shall have peace; whereas the sword reaches unto the soul" (Jer. 4:10). "...God sends upon them a strong delusion, to make them believe what is false, so that all may be condemned who did not believe the truth but had pleasure in unrighteousness" (2 Thess. 2:9-12). See also: 2 Chron. 18:18-22, 1 Kings 22:20-23 and Jer. 15:18.

HE TELLS PEOPLE TO LIE: "...and thou (Moses) shalt come, thou and the elders of Israel, unto the king of Egypt, and you shall say unto him, The Lord God of the Hebrews hath met with us: and now let us go, we beseech thee, three days journey into the wilderness, that we may sacrifice to the Lord our God" (Ex. 3:18) and "afterward Moses and Aaron went in, and told Pharaoh, Thus saith the Lord God of Israel, Let my people go, that they may hold a feast unto me in the wilderness." God is telling Moses to lie because the real reason is to escape.

"Samuel said, How can I go? if Saul hear it, he will kill me. And the Lord said, Take a heifer with thee, and say, I am come to sacrifice to the Lord" (1 Sam. 16:2). The Lord told Samuel to lie also, since he is actually going out to meet a son of Jesse to anoint him king. Yet, we are told in Prov. 12:22 that, "Lying lips are an abomination to the Lord."

HE LIES: Joshua 7:1 says, "The people of Israel broke faith in regard to the devoted things; for Achan...took some of the devoted things; and the anger of the Lord burned against the people of Israel" and God responds by saying in the 11th verse, "Israel has sinned, and they have also transgressed my covenant...." Yet, God did not tell the truth. Only Achan sinned, not all Israel, and Achan admits as much in the 20th verse by saying, "Indeed I have sinned against the Lord God of Israel...."

"He (David) shall build a house for my name, and I will establish the throne of his kingdom forever" (2 Sam. 7:13) and to David God says, "thine house and thy kingdom shall be established forever: thy throne shall be established for ever" (2 Sam. 7:16). God's prophecy failed. He didn't tell the truth. The Davidic line ended with Zedekiah and there was no Davidic king for 450 years when the Maccabeans established a dynasty, the first king being Aristobulus. Since the end of the Maccabean dynasty there has never been a king of the Jews. Second Kings 24:14 proves as much by saying, "He carried away all Jerusalem, and all the princes, and all the mighty men of valour, even ten thousand captives, and all the craftsmen and smiths. None remained, save the poorest sort of the people of the land."

If viewed together the following verses also show God engaged in prevarication. "...of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eat thereof thou shalt surely die" (Gen. 2:17), "God hath said, Ye shall not eat of it, neither shall ye touch it, lest ye die" (Gen. 3:3), "the serpent said unto the woman, Ye shall not surely die" (Gen. 3:4), and "all the days that Adam lived were 930 years and he died" (Gen. 5:5). God said Adam and Eve would die on the day they ate of the tree and the devil said they would not. They ate of it and Adam lived to be 930 years old. In other words, God lied and the devil told the truth. Yet, according to Titus 1:2 "God never lies."

And finally, in Gen. 3:14 God said to the serpent, "...upon thy belly shalt thou go, and dust shalt thou eat all the days of thy life...." Serpents do not now and never have eaten dust. If the serpent represents the Devil, he does not eat dust either; so, in either case God did not tell the truth.

HE REWARDS LIARS: Ex. 1:15-20 says, "The king of Egypt said to the Hebrew midwives, whose names were Shiphrah and Puah, 'When you help the Hebrew women in childbirth and observe them on the delivery stool, if it is a boy, kill him; but if it is a girl, let her live.’ The midwives, however, feared God and did not do what the king of Egypt had told them to do; they let the boys live. Then the king of Egypt summoned the midwives and asked them, 'Why have you done this? Why have you let the boys live?’ The midwives answered Pharaoh, 'Hebrew women are not like Egyptian women; they are vigorous and give birth before the midwives arrive.’ So God was kind to the midwives and the people increased and became even more numerous." The midwives lied and God rewarded them by being kind to them.

Joshua 2:3-6 says, "So the king of Jericho sent this message to Rahab, 'Bring out the men who came to you and entered your house, because they have come to spy out the whole land.' But the woman had taken the two men and hidden them. She said, 'Yes, the men came to me, but I did not know where they had come from. At dusk, when it was time to close the city gate, the men left. I don't know which way they went. Go after them quickly. You may catch up with them." (But she had taken them up to the roof and hidden them under the stalks of flax she had laid out on the roof.) Rahab lied about where the men were and yet James 2:25 says, "...was not Rahab the prostitute considered righteous for what she did when she gave lodging to the spies and sent them off in a different direction?"

And 2 Kings 10:18-21 says, "Jehu brought all the people together and said to them, 'Ahab served Baal a little; Jehu will serve him much. Now summon all the prophets of Baal, all his ministers and all his priests. See that no one is missing, because I am going to hold a great sacrifice for Baal. Anyone who fails to come will no longer live. But Jehu was acting deceptively in order to destroy the ministers of Baal.... all the ministers of Baal came; not one stayed away. They crowded into the temple of Baal until it was full from one end to the other." And as verses 25 to 30 show Jehu ordered his guards to go in and kill all those who worshipped Baal. After the bloodshed and killing had concluded the Lord said to Jehu in verse 30, "Because you have done well in accomplishing what is right in my eyes and have done to the house of Ahab all I had in mind to do, your descendants will sit on the throne of Israel to the 4th generation." How is that for a God of mercy

 

Part 2

HE ORDERS MEN TO BECOME DRUNKEN: "Then tell them, 'This is what the Lord Almighty, the God of Israel, says: Drink, get drunk and vomit, and fall to rise no more because of the sword I will send among you" (Jer. 25:27).

HE REWARDS THE FOOL AND THE TRANSGRESSOR: "The great God that formed all things both rewards the fool, and rewards the transgressors" (Prov. 26:10).

HE DELIVERS A MAN (JOB) INTO SATAN'S HANDS: "The Lord said unto Satan, Behold, he is in thine hand; but save his life" (Job 2:6).

HE MINGLES A PERVERSE SPIRIT: "The Lord has mingled a perverse spirit in the midst thereof; and they have caused Egypt to err in every work thereof..." (Isa. 19:14).

HE IS NOT OMNIPOTENT OR ALL POWERFUL: "the Lord was with Judah; And he drove out the inhabitants of the mountains; but could not drive out the inhabitants of the valley, because they had chariots of iron" (Judges 1:19).

HE CAUSES INDECENCY: God orders that the king of Assyria is to "lead away the Egyptian prisoners, and the Ethiopian captives, young and old, naked and barefoot, even with their buttocks uncovered, to the shame of Egypt" (Isaiah 20:4).

HE SPREADS DUNG ON FACES: "Behold I will corrupt your seed, and spread dung upon your faces, even the dung of your solemn feasts...." (Mal. 2:3).

HE ORDERS STEALING: "...and ye shall spoil the Egyptians" (Ex. 3:22). "...and they shall spoil those that spoiled them, and rob those that robbed them, saith the Lord God" (Ezek. 39:10). "As for the women, the children, the livestock and everything else in the city, you may take these as plunder for yourselves. And you may use the plunder the Lord your God gives you from your enemies" (Deut. 20:14).

HE MADE FALSE AND UNFULFILLED PROPHECIES: In Jonah 3:4 God said, "yet 40 days and Nineveh shall be overthrown." But the 10th verse says, "God saw their works, that they turned from their evil ways; and God repented of the evil, that he had said that he would do unto them; and he did it not." In other words, He who knows the future changed his mind, repented, and Nineveh was not overthrown. His prophecy failed.

In Gen. 15:13 God said to Abraham, "Know for certain that your descendants will be strangers in a country not their own, and they shall be enslaved and mistreated 400 years." Acts 7:6 says the same. But Ex. 12:40 says, "Now the sojourning of the children of Israel, who dwelt in Egypt, was 430 years." God's prophecy failed by 30 years.

Another deific prophecy is found in Gen. 15:16 which says, "...in the 4th generation they (Abraham's descendants) shall come here again...." God told Abraham that his descendants would return in the 4th generation. Yet, if Abraham is included, it actually occurred during the 6th generation. The generations were: Abraham, Isaac, Levi (Ex. 1:2), Kohath (Ex. 6:16), Amram (Ex. 6:18), and Moses (Ex. 6:20).

In Gen. 17:3, 8 and Ex. 32:13 God told Abraham that he would give to him and his descendants all of Canaan for an eternal possession. But Acts 7:5 says, "He gave him (Abraham) no inheritance here, not even a foot of ground. But God promised him that he and his descendants after him would possess the land, even though at that time Abraham had no child" and Heb. 11:13 says, "All these people...did not receive the things promised; they only saw them and welcomed them from a distance." The Bible itself admits that God's promise to Abraham failed.

In Gen. 35:10 God said to Jacob, "thy name shall not be called any more Jacob, but Israel shall be thy name: and he called his name Israel." Yet, 11 chapters later Gen. 46:2 says, "God spoke to Israel in the visions of the night, and said, Jacob, Jacob. And he said, Here am I."

Lastly, 1 Sam. 23:12 says, "David asked, 'Will the citizens of Keilah surrender me and my men to Saul?’ And the Lord said, 'They will'." This prophecy never occurred, because the opposite happened. Saul was delivered into David's hands, not once but twice.

HE CHANGES HIS MIND: "The Lord said: I have forgiven them at your request...." (Num. 14:20). "God saw their works, that they turned from their evil way; and God repented of the evil, that he had said that he would do unto them; and he did it not" (Jonah 3:10). "God said to Balaam, 'Do not go with them. You must not put a curse on those people, because they are blessed.’ .... That night God came to Balaam and said, 'Since these men have come to summon you, go with them, but do only what I tell you.’ Balaam got up in the morning, saddled his donkey and went with the princes of Moab. But God was very angry when he went, and the angel of the Lord stood in the road to oppose him...." (Num. 22:20-22). God told Balaam not to go, then changed his mind and told him to go and punished him when he did. Talk about indecision!

Finally, in 2 Kings 20:1 Isaiah came to the sick Hezekiah and told him he would die and not recover according to God's word. But according to the 4th and 5th verses God told Isaiah to go back and tell Hezekiah that because God had heard his prayer and seen his tears he would be healed and live 15 more years. Again, God changed his mind.

HE CAUSES ADULTERY: "This is what the Lord says: 'Out of your own household I am going to bring calamity upon you. Before your very eyes I will take your wives and give them to one who is close to you, and he will lie with your wives in broad daylight. You did it in secret, but I will do this thing in broad daylight before all Israel" (2 Sam. 12:11-12).

HE ORDERS THE TAKING OF A HARLOT: "...the Lord said to Hosea, Go, takeunto thee a wife of whoredoms and children of whoredoms: for the land hath committed great whoredom, departing from the Lord" (Hosea 1:2).

HE ORDERS A MAN TO PURCHASE HIS WIFE: "The Lord said to me, 'Go show your love to your wife again, though she is loved by another and is an adultress. Love her as the Lord loves the Israelites, though they turn to other gods.... So I brought her for 15 shekels of silver and about a homer and a half of barley. Then I told her, 'You are to live with me many days...." (Hosea 3:1-3).

HE KILLS REPEATEDLY: "there came out a fire from the Lord, and consumed the 250 men that offered incense" (Num. 16:35). "The Lord sent fiery serpents among the people, and they bit the people; and much people of Israel died" (Num. 21:6). "See now that I, even I, am he, and there is no god with me: I kill, and I make alive; I wound and I heal...." (Deut. 32:39). "The Lord smote the men of Beth-shemesh, because they had looked into the ark of the Lord, even he smote of the people 50,070 men: and the people lamented, because the Lord had smitten many of the people with a great slaughter" (1 Sam. 6:19). "The Lord kills, and makes alive: he brings down to the grave, and brings up" (1 Sam. 2:6). "The hand of the Lord was heavy upon them of Ashdod, and he destroyed them, and smote them...." (1 Sam. 5:6). "it came to pass about 10 days after, that the Lord smote Nabal, that he died" (1 Sam. 25:38). "Who smote great nations and slew mighty kings...." (Psalms 135:10). "For by fire and by his sword will the Lord plead with all flesh: and the slain of the Lord shall be many" (Isaiah 66:16). "I will dash them one against another, even the father and the sons together, saith the Lord: I will not pity, nor spare, nor have mercy, but destroy them" (Jer. 13:14). "I have sent among you the pestilence after the manner of Egypt: your young men have I slain with the sword...." (Amos 4:10). "For our God is a consuming fire" (Heb. 12:29). Also note: Gen. 38:7,10, Ex. 22:23-24, Num. 11:1, Deut. 32:41-42, Joshua 10:10-11, 1 Sam. 5:9, Psalms 136:17-18, Hosea 9:16, Amos 2:3, Ex. 4:24, 2 Sam. 6:6-7, and 2 Kings 5:7.

HE ORDERS KILLING: "ye shall chase your enemies, and they shall fall before you by the sword. And five of you shall chase a hundred, and a hundred of you shall put 10,000 to flight: and your enemies shall fall before you by the sword" (Lev. 26:7-8). "the Lord said to Moses, Take all the heads of the people, and hang them up before the Lord against the sun, that the fierce anger of the Lord may be turned away from Israel. And Moses said to the judges of Israel. Slay every one his men that were joined to Baal" (Num. 25:4-5). "Vex the Midianites and smite them" (Num. 25:17). "But of the cities of these people, which the Lord thy God doth give thee for an inheritance, thou shalt save alive nothing that breathes. But thou shalt utterly destroy them...as the Lord thy God has commanded thee" (Deut. 20:16-17). "So Joshua smote all the country of the hills...he left none remaining, but utterly destroyed all that breathed, as the Lord God of Israel commanded" (Joshua 10:40). "As I listened, god said to the others, 'Follow him through the city and kill, without showing pity or compassion. Slaughter old men, young men and maidens, women and children...." (Ezek. 9:5-6). "And the Lord sent you on a mission, saying 'Go and completely destroy those wicked people, the Amalekites; make war on them until you have wiped them out.'" (1 Sam. 15:18). "Attack the land of Merathaim and those who live in Pekod. Pursue, kill and completely destroy them' declares the Lord. Do everything I have commanded you" (Jer. 50:21). "Now go, attack the Amalekites and totally destroy everything that belongs to them. Do not spare them; put to death men and women, children and infants, cattle and sheep, camels and donkeys" (1 Sam. 15:3). Also note: Ex. 32:27-28, Num. 21:34-35, 31:7-8, 35:19-21, and Jer. 48:10.

 

Part 3

HE LOSES HIS TEMPER. Even though Job 5:2 says, "For wrath kills the foolish man, and envy slays the silly one" God often loses his composure. The following are good examples: "...the Lord may turn from the fierceness of his anger...." (Deut. 13:17). "The anger of the Lord was hot against Israel and he sold them into the hand of Mesopotamia's king...." (Judges 3:8). "...the Lord shall swallow them up in his wrath, and the fire shall devour them" (Psalm 21:9). "Again the anger of the Lord was kindled against Israel...." (2 Sam. 24:1). "...he made Israel to sin, to provoke the Lord God of Israel to anger with their vanities" (1 Kings 16:26). "...the Lord revenges, and is furious; the Lord will take vengeance on his adversaries, and he reserves wrath for his enemies" (Nahum 1:2). "The anger of the Lord was kindled against Israel...." (2 Kings 13:3). "The anger of the Lord was hot against Israel" (Judges 2:20). See also: Ex. 32:10, Num. 11:1, 16:46, 32:13-14, 1 Kings 14:9, 15:30, 16:2, 16:7, 16:13, 2 Chron. 34:25, Psalm 18:7, and Jer. 44:6.

HE IS OFTEN JEALOUS. "...I the Lord thy God am a jealous God...." (Deut. 5:9, Ex. 20:5). "For the Lord thy God is a jealous God among you...." (Deut. 6:15). "How long, O Lord? Will you be angry forever? How long will your jealousy burn like fire?" (Psalm 79:5). "For in my jealousy and in the fire of my wrath have I spoken...." (Ezek. 38:19). "God is jealous, and the Lord revenges...." (Nahum 1:2). "Thus says the Lord of hosts; I was jealous of Zion with great jealousy, and I was jealous for her with great fury" (Zech. 8:2). See also: Ex. 34:14, Deut. 4:24, 29:20, Psalms 78:58, Ezek. 16:38, 36:5-6 and Joshua 24:19.

HE IS NOT EVERYWHERE or OMNIPRESENT. Even though Jer. 23:24 ("Can any hide himself in secret places that I shall not see him? saith the Lord. Do not I fill heaven and earth?") and Psalm 139:7-12 say the Lord is everywhere, the following verses say he is not: "Cain went out from the presence of the Lord, and dwelt in the land of Nod, on the east of Eden" (Gen. 4:16). "The Lord came down to see the city and the tower, which the children of men built" (Gen. 11:5). "He said to Balak, Stand here by thy burnt offering, while I meet the LORD yonder" (Num. 23:15). "...the Lord was not in the wind: and after the wind an earthquake; but the Lord was not in the earthquake: and after the earthquake a fire, but the Lord was not in the fire...." (1 Kings 19:11-12). "I, the Lord, will go down and see if what they have done is as bad as the outcry that has reached me. If not, I will know" (Gen. 18:21). "So Satan went forth from the presence of the Lord" (Job 1:12 and 2:7), and "Jonah rose up to flee to Tarshish from the presence of the Lord...." (Jonah 1:3). Also note: Gen. 17:22, 18:33, Ex 11:4, 20:24, 25:8, Deut.33:2, Psalm 9:11, 10:1, 14:2, Jer. 23:39, Hosea 11:9, Joel 3:17, Hab. 3:3.

HE DOESN'T KNOW ALL. Even though Prov. 15:3 ("The eyes of the Lord are in every place, keeping watch on the evil and the good") says god sees everything that goes on, the following verses deny his omniscience: "the Lord God called to Adam, and said to him, Where art thou?" (Gen. 3:9). "The Lord said to Cain, 'Why are you angry? Why is your face downcast?" (Gen. 4:6). "The Lord said to Cain, Where is Abel thy brother? And he said, I know not: Am I my brother's keeper?" (Gen. 4:9). "Then the Lord said,...I will go down and see if what they have done is as bad as the outcry that has reached me. If not, I will know" (Gen. 18:20-21). "Remember how the Lord your God led you all the way in the desert these forty years, to humble you and to test you in order to know what was in your heart, whether or not you would keep his commands" (Deut. 8:2). "You must not listen to the words of that prophet or dreamer. The Lord your God is testing you to find out whether you love him with all your heart and with all your soul" (Deut. 13:3). "The Lord looked down from heaven upon the children of men, to see if there were any that did understand, and seek God" (Psalm 14:2). "This is what the Sovereign Lord says: Have you come to inquire of me? As surely as I live, I will not let you inquire of me, declares the Sovereign Lord" (Ezek. 20:3). Also note: Gen. 22:12, Num. 22:9, 2 Chron. 32:31, Hosea 8:4, Amos 9:3, and Jer. 32:35. Yet, God does know all according to Prov. 15:3 which says, "The eyes of the Lord are in every place, keeping watch on the evil and the good."

HE REPENTS. Even though 1 Sam. 15:29 ("the Strength of Israel will not lie nor repent: for he is not a man, that he should repent") says that god never repents, the following verses say the opposite: It repented the Lord that he had made man on the earth, and it grieved him at his heart" (Gen. 6:6). "...the Lord repented of the evil which he though to do unto his people" (Ex. 32:14). "...the Lord repented that he had made Saul king over Israel" (1 Sam. 15:35). "The Lord said, It repenteth me that I have set up Saul to be king...." (1 Sam. 15:11). "...that I the Lord God may repent of the evil, which I purpose to do unto them because of the evil of their doings" (Jer. 26:3). "If that nation, against whom I have pronounced, turn from their evil, I will repent of the evil that I thought to do to them" (Jer. 18:8), and "...for I repent of the evil that I have done to you" (Jer. 42:10). Also see: Deut. 32:36, Judges 2:18, 2 Sam. 24:16, 1 Chron. 21:15, Psalm 106:45, Jer. 15:6, 18:10, 26:13, 26:19, Amos 7:3, 7:6, Jonah 3:9-10, Joel 2:13, and Hosea 11:8.

HE PRACTICES INJUSTICE. Even though Deut. 32:4 ("He is the Rock, his work is perfect: for all his ways are judgment: a God of truth and without iniquity, just and right is he") says God is just and fair, the following verses prove the opposite. "Then say to the Pharaoh, This is what the Lord says,: Israel is my firstborn son, and I told you, 'Let my son go, so he may worship me,' But you refused to let him go; so I will kill your firstborn son'" (Ex. 4:22-23). "The Lord is longsuffering, and of great mercy...visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children unto the 3rd and 4th generation" (Num. 14:18). "A bastard shall not enter into the congregation of the Lord; even to the 10th generation shall he not enter...." (Deut. 23:2). "Thy son and thy daughters shall be given unto another people...." (Deut. 28:32). "When Achan son of Zerah acted unfaithfully regarding the devoted things, did not wrath come upon the whole community of Israel? He was not the only one who died for his sin" (Joshua 22:20). "Because by doing this you have made the enemies of the Lord show utter contempt, the son born to you will die" (2 Sam. 12:14). "During the reign of David, there was a famine for 3 successive years; so David sought the face of the Lord. The Lord said, 'It is on account of Saul and his blood-stained house; it is because he put the Gibeonites to death'" (2 Sam. 21:1). "If the prophet be deceived when he hath spoken a thing, I the Lord have deceived that prophet, and I will stretch out my hand upon him, and will destroy him from the midst of my people Israel" (Ezek. 14:9). "Therefore, just as sin entered the world through one man, and death through sin, and in this way death came to all men, because all sinned...." (Rom. 5:12). "Nevertheless, death reigned from the time of Adam to the time of Moses, even over those who did not sin by breaking a command, as did Adam...."(Rom. 5:14). For additional examples of divine injustice in action see: Gen. 9:25, 12:17, 20:6-7, Ex. 12:12, 12:29, 21:29, Lev. 5:17, 12:2,5, 15:19, 19:20-22, 21:14, Num. 5:27, 20:7-8, 11, 23-24, 28, 21:4-6, 35:15-18, 35:25, Deut. 19:11-12, 21:18-21, 25:11, 28:53-55, 59, 32:25, Joshua 7:11, 1 Sam. 2:33, 6:19, 2 Sam. 6:6-7, 24:15-17, 1 Kings 11:11-12, 13:17-19, 24, 14:15-17, 16:34, 20:35-36, 20:28, 34, 41-42, 21:21, 21:29, 2 Kings 21:16, 17:21, 1 Chron. 21:1, 7, Ezek. 21:3, Matt. 13:12, and Rom. 9:13-16, 18-20.

HE PLAYS FAVORITES. We are told in Deut. 10:17 and 16:19 that "the Lord your God is God of Gods...which regards not persons" and we are told in 2 Chron. 19:7 that, "...there is no iniquity with the Lord our God, nor respect of persons, nor taking of gifts." Yet, that is clearly disproven by the following comments: "For thou art an holy people unto the Lord thy God: the Lord thy God has chosen thee to be a special people unto himself, above all people that are upon the face of the earth" (Deut. 7:6, 14:2). "The Lord will not forsake his people for his great name's sake: because it has pleased the Lord to make you his people" (1 Sam. 12:22). "For thy people Israel didst thou make thine own people for ever; and thou, Lord, became their God" (1 Chron. 17:22). "Thou art my servant; I have chosen thee, and not cast thee away" (Isaiah 41:9). "My people shall know my name...." (Isa. 52:6). "I will bring forth a seed out of Jacob, and out of Judah an inheritor of my mountains; and mine elect shall inherit it...." (Isa. 65:9). "You only have I known of all the families of the earth...." (Amos 3:2). "But Jesus answered and said, 'I am not sent but unto the lost sheep of the house of Israel" (Matt. 15:24). "...for salvation is of the Jews" (John 4:22). Favoritism is also evident in Gen. 4:4-5, 12:1-3, 13:14-15, 35:12, Ex. 2:25, 11:7, 19:5-6, Lev. 26:3-12, Deut. 4:40, 7:14, 28:1-13, Joshua 24:13, 1 Kings 3:12, 8:53, 2 Kings 13:22-23, 2 Chron. 1:1, 12, Psalm 138:6, Isa. 43:1, 5, 45:4, 51:2, 16, 63:8, Haggai 2:23, Mal. 1:2-3, Matt. 10:5-6, Luke 1:13, 6:20, Acts 10:40-41, 13:19, 16:6-7, Rom. 1:16, 2:9-10, 9:4-5, 9:13, 11:5, 7, and 1 Peter 2:9.

 

Part 4

HE SANCTIONS SLAVERY in direct contradiction to 2 Cor. 3:17, which says, "Where the spirit of the Lord is there is liberty." Key statements in this regard are the following: "Then thou shalt take an awl, and thrust it through his ear unto the door, and he shall be thy servant (Read slave) forever. And also unto thy maidservant thou shalt do likewise" (Deut. 15:17). "Bid slaves to be submissive to their masters and to give satisfaction in every respect; they are not to be refractory, nor to pilfer, but to show entire and true fidelity, so that in everything they may adorn the doctrine of God" (Titus 2:9). "Slaves, obey your earthly masters with respect and fear, and with sincerity of heart, just as you would obey Christ. Obey them not only to win their favor when their eye is on you, but like slaves of Christ, doing the will of God from your heart. Serve wholeheartedly, as if you were serving the Lord, not men, because you know that the Lord will reward everyone for whatever good he does, whether he is slave or free" (Eph. 6:5-7). "Slaves, submit yourselves to your masters with all respect, not only to those who are good and considerate, but also to those who are harsh. For it is commendable if a man bears up under the pain of unjust suffering because he is conscious of God. But how is it to your credit if you receive a beating for doing wrong and endure it? But if you suffer for doing good and you endure it, this is commendable before God. To this you were called, because Christ suffered for you, leaving you an example, that you should follow in his steps" (1 Peter 2:18-21). "Slaves, obey your earthly masters in everything; and do it, not only when their eye is on you and to win their favor, but with sincerity of heart and reverence of the Lord. Whatever you do, work at it with all your heart, as working for the Lord, not for men, since you know that you will receive an inheritance from the Lord as a reward. It is the Lord Christ you are serving" (Col. 3:22-24). "All who are under the yoke of slavery should consider their masters worthy of full respect, so that God's name and our teaching may not be slandered. Those who have believing masters are not to show less respect for them because they are brothers. Instead, they are to serve them even better, because those who benefit from their service are believers, and dear to them. These are the things you are to teach and urge on them" (1 Tim. 6:1-2).

HE DEGRADES DEFORMED PEOPLE: In Lev. 21:16-23 God said to Moses, "Say to Aaron: 'For the generations to come none of your descendants who has a defect may come near to offer the food of his God. No man who has any defect may come near: no man who is blind or lame, disfigured or deformed; no man with a crippled foot or hand, or who is hunchbacked or dwarfed, or who has any eye defect, or who has festering or running sores or damaged testicles. No descendant of Aaron the priest who has any defect is to come near to present the offerings made to the Lord by fire. He has a defect.... because of this defect, he must not go near the curtain or approach the altar, and so desecrate my sanctuary...." (Lev. 21:16:23).

HE PUNISHES BASTARDS FOR BEING ILLEGITIMATE: Deut. 23:2 says, "A bastard shall not enter into the congregation of the Lord; even to his tenth generation shall he not enter into the congregation of the Lord."

HE PUNISHES MANY FOR THE ACTS OF ONE: "...for the Lord had closed up every womb in Abimelech's household because of Abraham's wife Sarah" (Gen. 20:18). "When David saw the angel who was striking down the people, he said to the Lord, 'I am the one who has sinned and done wrong. These are but sheep. What have they done? Let your hand fall upon me and my family" (2 Sam. 24:17). "To the woman he said, 'I will greatly increase your pains in childbearing; with pain you will give birth to children" (Gen. 3:16). Also note Joshua 7:24-26.

HE PUNISHES CHILDREN FOR THEIR FATHERS' SINS: "...visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, and upon the children's children, unto the third and to the fourth generation" (Ex. 34:7). "...for I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the 3rd and 4th generation of them that hate me...." (Ex. 20:5, Deut. 5:9). "It came to pass, that at midnight the Lord smote all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh that sat on his throne unto the firstborn of the captive that was in the dungeon; and all the firstborn of cattle" (Ex. 12:29). See also: Deut. 23:2, Num. 14:33, Gen. 17:14, and Gen. 9:22-25.

HE PREVENTS PEOPLE FROM HEARING HIS WORDS: "Make the heart of this people calloused; make their ears dull and close their eyes. Otherwise they might see with their eyes, hear with their ears, understand with their hearts, and turn and be healed" (Isa. 6:10). "So you see God is kind to some just because he wants to be, and he makes some refuse to listen" (Rom. 9:18). "This is why I speak to them in parables: Though seeing, they do not see; though hearing, they do not hear or understand. In them is fulfilled the prophecy of Isaiah: You will be ever hearing but never understanding; you will be ever seeing but never perceiving" (Matt. 13:13-14). See also: John 12:39-40, Mark 4:10-12, and Luke 8:9-10.

HE SUPPORTS HUMAN SACRIFICE: Ex. 22:29-30 says, "Do not hold back offerings from your granaries or your vats. You must give me the firstborn of your sons. Do the same with your cattle and your sheep. Let them stay with their mothers for 7 days, but give them to me on the 8th day." And Lev. 27:28-29 says, "Nothing that a man owns and devotes to the Lord--whether man or animal or family land--may be sold or redeemed; everything so devoted is most holy to the Lord. No person devoted to destruction may be ransomed; he must be put to death." He also permitted human sacrifice according to Ezek. 20:26, which says, "I let them become defiled through their gifts--the sacrifice of every firstborn--that I might fill them with horror so they would know that I am the Lord."

HE ORDERS CANNIBALISM: Lev. 26:29 says, "Ye shall eat the flesh of your sons, and the flesh of your daughter shall ye eat." Jer. 19:9 says, "I will make them eat the flesh of their sons and daughters, and they will eat one another's flesh during the stress of the siege imposed on them by the enemies who seek their lives." Ezek. 5:10 says, "In your midst fathers will eat their children, and children will eat their fathers. I will inflict punishment on you and will scatter all your survivors to the winds." Isaiah 49:26 says, "I will make your oppressors eat their own flesh; they will be drunk on their own blood, as with wine...."And in John 6:53-54 Jesus says, "I tell you the truth, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you have no life in you. Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life...."

 

Part 5

HE DEMANDED 16,000 VIRGINS BE GIVEN TO SOLDIERS AS WAR PLUNDER AND 32 BE SET ASIDE FOR HIMSELF: Num. 31:31-40 says, "Moses and Eleazar the priest did as the Lord commanded Moses. The plunder remaining from the spoils that the soldiers took was 675,000 sheep, 72,000 cattle, 61,000 donkeys and 32,000 women who had never slept with a man.... And the half, the portion of those who had gone out to war, was.... 16,000 people, of which the tribute for the Lord was 32." Women rank right up there with cattle, donkeys, and sheep. And they have to be virgins, at that! Imagine a righteous and perfect God wanting 32 virgins to be set aside for himself!

HE ORDERS GAMBLING: Joshua 14:2 says, "Their inheritances were assigned by lot to the nine-and-a-half tribes, as the Lord had commanded through Moses." Num. 26:52-56 says, "The Lord said to Moses, The land is to be allotted to them as an inheritance based on the number of names.... Be sure that the land is distributed by lot.... Each inheritance is to be distributed by lot among the larger and smaller groups."

HE REQUIRES AN UNBETROTHED VIRGIN TO MARRY HER SEDUCER: Ex. 22:16 says, "If a man seduces a virgin who is not pledged to be married and sleeps with her, he must pay the bride-price, and she shall be his wife."

HE ORDERS HORSES TO BE HAMSTRUNG: Joshua 11:6 says, "The Lord said to Joshua,...You are to hamstring their horses and burn their chariots."

HE SANCTIONS THE DEGRADATION OF THE ENEMIES' WOMEN: Deut. 21:10-13 says, "When you go to war against your enemies and the Lord you God delivers them into your hands and you take captives, if you notice among the captives a beautiful woman and are attracted to her, you may take her as your wife.... After she has lived in your house and mourned her father and mother for a full month, then you may go to her and be her husband and she shall be your wife."

HE SANCTIONS THE BEATING OF SLAVES AS LONG AS THE SLAVE CAN ARISE AT LEAST A DAY OR TWO AFTER THE BEATING: Ex. 21:20-21 says, "If a man beats his male or female slave with a rod and the slave dies as a direct result, he must be punished, but he is not to be punished if the slave gets up after a day or two, since the slave is his property."

HE REQUIRES A WOMAN TO MARRY HER RAPIST: Deut. 22:28-29 says, "If a man happens to meet a virgin who is not pledged to be married and rapes her and they are discovered, he shall pay the girl's father fifty shekels of silver. He must marry the girl, for he has violated her. He can never divorce her as long as he lives."

HE TRAINS OTHERS FOR WAR: Psalm 144:1 says, "Praise be to the Lord, my Rock, who trains my hands for war, my fingers for battle."

HE ORDERED THE COOKING OF FOOD WITH HUMAN FECES: Ezek. 4:12 says, "Eat the food as you would a barley cake; bake it in the sight of the people, using human excrement as fuel."

HE KILLED THE WICKED AND THE RIGHTEOUS: Ezek. 21:3-4 says, "...This is what the Lord says: I am against you. I will draw my sword from its scabbard and cut off from you both the righteous and the wicked. Because I am going to cut off the righteous and the wicked, my sword will be unsheathed against everyone from south to north."

HE INTENTIONALLY GAVE OUT BAD LAWS: Ezek. 20:25 says, "I also gave them over to statutes that were not good and laws they could not live by...."

HE EXCUSED THE SINS OF PROSTITUTES AND ADULTERERS: Hosea 4:14 says, "I will not punish your daughters when they turn to prostitution, nor your daughters-in-law when they commit adultery, because the men themselves consort with harlots and sacrifice with temple prostitutes...."

HE EXCUSED A MURDERER AND PROMISED HIM PROTECTION: After Cain killed Abel he was banished from the Garden of Eden and the following dialogue occurred within Gen. 4:13-15. "Cain said to the Lord, 'My punishment is more than I can bear. Today you are driving me from the land, and I will be hidden from your presence; I will be a restless wanderer on the earth, and whoever finds me will kill me.' But the Lord said to him, 'Not so; if anyone kills Cain, he will suffer vengeance seven times over.’ Then the Lord put a mark on Cain so that no one who found him would kill him."

HE KILLED A MAN WHO REFUSED TO IMPREGNATE HIS WIDOWED SISTER-IN-LAW: Gen. 38:8-10 says, "Then Judah said to Onan, 'Lie with your brother's wife and fulfill your duty to her as a brother-in-law to produce offspring for your brother.’ But Onan knew that the offspring would not be his; so whenever he lay with his brother's wife, he spilled his seed on the ground to keep from producing offspring for his brother. What he did was wicked in the Lord's sight; so he put him to death also."

HE AIDED RATHER THAN PUNISHED A SWINDLER: In Gen. 28:14-15 God promised Jacob that his descendants would be like the dust of the earth and all the families of the earth would be blessed by him and his descendants. God also said he would watch over Jacob wherever he went and would not leave him. Yet, Jacob was the swindler who stole the birthright of his brother, Esau.

HE DOESN'T SEE ALL: Gen. 4:14 says, "Today you (God) are driving me (Adam) from the land, and I will be hidden from your presence."

HE IS INDECISIVE: In Gen. 18:17 the Lord says, "Shall I hide from Abraham what I am about to do?"

 

 

Part 6

HE DISCOVERS WOMEN'S SECRET PARTS: Isaiah 3:17 says, "the Lord will smite with a scab the crown of the head of the daughters of Zion, and the Lord will discover their secret parts."

HE BREAKS UP FAMILIES: Ex. 21:2-4 says, "If you buy a Hebrew servant, he is to serve you for six years. But in the 7th year, he shall go free.... If his master gives him a wife and she bears him sons or daughters, the woman and her children shall belong to her master, and only the man shall go free."

HE ORDERS THE KILLING OF CHILDREN: Ezek. 9:6 says, "Slay utterly old and young, both maids and little children, and women...." and 1 Sam. 15:3 says, "...slay both man and woman, infant and suckling...."

HE KILLED OVER 50,000 PEOPLE BECAUSE A FEW LOOKED INTO AN ARK: 1 Sam. 6:19 says, "the Lord smote the men of Beth-shemesh, because they had looked into the Ark of the Lord, even he smote of the people 50,070: and the people lamented, because the Lord had smitten many of the people with a great slaughter."

HE MANDATED UNLIMITED PUNISHMENT FOR LIMITED SINS: Matt. 25:46 says, "these shall go away into everlasting punishment: but the righteous into life eternal." Also note Rev. 14:11 and Mark 9:43-48.

AND LASTLY, HE VIOLATED HIS OWN LAWS ON NUMEROUS OCCASIONS: (1) In Ex. 20:13 he said thou shalt not kill; yet, in Deut. 32:39 and many other verses he said, "I kill, and I make alive; I wound and I heal...." (2) John 4:8 and 4:16 say God is love and 1 Cor. 13:4 says love is not jealous or boastful. Yet, Deut. 4:24 says God is a consuming fire, even a jealous God. How can God be jealous when several verses say God is love and 1 Cor. says love is not jealous? (3) In the Ten Commandments God says thou shalt not commit adultery; yet, Matt. 1:18 says, "This is how the birth of Jesus Christ came about. His mother Mary was pledged to be married to Joseph, but before they came together, she was found to be with child through the Holy Ghost. Because Joseph her husband was a righteous man and did not want to expose her to public disgrace, he had in mind to divorce her quietly." The Holy Ghost, who is God, impregnated another being's wife. If that is not adultery, what is it? (4) In Lev. 19:18 God says, "You shall not take vengeance or bear any grudge against the sons of your own people...." Yet, in Deut. 32:35 God says, "To me belongs vengeance, and recompense." God rules out taking vengeance by others, but relegates it to himself. (5) In Luke 6:27 God tells us to love our enemies and do good to those who hate you. Yet, in Gen. 19:24 he rained fire and brimstone upon Sodom and Gomorrah because they had rejected him. (6) Prov. 6:16 says, "there are 6 things the Lord hates, seven that are detestable to him" and the 19th verse says one of these is, "...a false witness who pours out lies and a man who stirs up dissension among brothers." Yet, Gen. 11:9 says, "That is why it was called Babel--because there the Lord confused the language of the whole world." The Lord hates those who sow dissension even though he is responsible for all the confusion that emerged from his creation of a multitude of languages. (7) In Matt. 26:52 Jesus said, "Put up thy sword...for all they that take the sword shall perish with the sword." Yet, in Ezek. 21:5 God says, "Then all the people will know that I the Lord have drawn my sword from its scabbard; it will not return again." If what Jesus said is true, why has the Lord not perished? (8) Deut. 6:16 says, "Ye shall not tempt the Lord your God," while Gen. 22:1 says, "it came to pass after these things, that God did tempt Abraham...." God tells us not to tempt, but he does. (9) In First John 2:15 we are told not to love the world, neither the things that are in the world. If any man loves the world, the love of the Father is not in him. Yet, John 3:16 says, "God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish but have eternal life." We are not supposed to love the world, but God sure does. (10) And finally, Job 5:2 says, "For wrath kills the foolish man, and envy slays the silly one." Displaying wrath is to be considered anathema; yet Psalm 21:9 ("...the Lord shall swallow them up in his wrath, and the fire shall devour them"), Ex. 31:10 ("...let me alone that my wrath may wax hot against them"), and Num. 16:46 ("...for there is wrath gone out from the Lord") clearly show wrath is one of the Lord's more prominent traits.

When the Christian Church ruled the West, they called it the Dark Ages

 

 

 

 

FUNDAMENTAL REASONS FOR REJECTING YAHWEH

As supplied by Ernest Nagel

 

Insidiousness of religious belief:  Most of the people who are gravel skeptical about the validity of the existence of god, do not fully understand how insidious such belief is.  Thus most people who have atheistic leanings do not stand up and be counted. For them the motivational belief is lacking.  To the principle deleterious effects:  Religious authorities have opposed the correction of glairing injustices and encouraged politically and socially reactionary policies. . . . Religious creeds have been used to set limits to free inquiry, to perpetuate inhumane treatment of the ill an underprivileged, and to support moral doctrines insensitive to human suffering.  (Earnest Nagel, Basic Beliefs:  The Religious Philosophies of Mankind, Sheridan House, NY, NY, 1959, p. 176.) 

 

A god would not permit such insidiousness to continue as part of his worship.  John Stuart Mill, speaking of his father, while meaning himself, wrote, He [James Mill] looked upon it as the greatest enemy of morality; first by setting up factitious excellencies--belief in creeds, devotional feelings, and ceremonies, not connected with the good of human kind--and causing these to be accepted as substitutes for genuine virtues; but above all, by radically vitiating the standard of morals, making it consist in doing the will of a being, on whom it lavishes indeed all the phrases of adulation, but whom in sober truth it depicts as eminently hateful (in Mills autobiography).  Beyond the social reinforcers, the outspoken atheist is driven for the good of society by reasons like those stated by Ernest Nagel and John Stuart Mill.  The atheist holds that there is better ways of teaching morality. Atheisms attraction lies in it being a position that in part attempts to curtail the harm caused by religion and religious belief and also in its setting the stage for the teaching of an unpolluted, rational morality.

 

Factual basis for the denial of the Yahweh:  The atheist (the turn used to refer to a skeptic who has through studies come to a reasoned conclusion) holds both that the positive evidence for is insufficient; and the negative evidence is quite overwhelming.  In brief when there are reports about God, the Atheist hold, like claims about UFOs, there is a fundamental error in the report. One prima facie reason is their inconsistencies and the inability to resolve them.  For example, the Hindus description of the gods is quite different from the Moslem.  The negative evidence consists of the existence of evil and the indifference of Yahweh, particularly applicable to the worship of Yahweh and his retinue.

 

Conceptual basis for the denial of Yahweh:  The atheist holds (a) that the concepts applied to Yahweh are so inappropriate that the theist is talking nonsense; and (b) the collections of attributes are internally inconsistent.  For the former, (a) the atheist denies that there could be a transcendental reality and talk thereof is nonsense, and a fortiori the experience of the transcendental (mystic experience).  As for (b) the atheist holds that the huffing about Yahweh creates a set of inconsistent proposition; one of which is the claim that Yahweh is both perfectly beneficent and omnipotent.  This claim is inconsistent with both the conditions of life and the conditions of hell.  Thirdly the atheist holds that the aggrandizement of Yahweh has grown into an absurdity.  The powers omnipotence, omniscience, and perfect beneficence are mere words without an understanding of the substance to which propositions.  How can an entity be able to bring about unlimited change instantaneously?  Or know where at any given instant the position, force, and direction of every atom and subatomic particle in the universe.  And how would it know these things and be able to do those things?  Know

 

My first exposure to Ernest Nagel came in a graduate-school course in the Philosophy of Science at the University of Manitoba.  His book, The Structure of Science published in 1967 stands alone because he writes with the mastery of both fields. My professor knew that.  The book was the nucleus of the course, for nothing more need be add.  It still stands alone among textbooks on the philosophy of science.  His chapter on teleology demolishes the concept of teleology by showing that in all putative examples thereof, teleology is reducible to a mechanical explanation.  One upshot is that that the teleological argument/proof for the existence of a god fails.  Another is that that the use of purposive language in describing behavior--both human and subhuman--is nothing more than a convenience (a position convincing put forth by B.F. Skinner in his 1953 Science and Human Behavior.  Given his materialism set out in The Structure of Science, it comes to me as no surprise that he is an atheist.  Ernest Nagel has been a professor of philosophy at Columbia University, editor of the Journal of Philosophy (1938-1956) the Journal of Symbolic Logic (1940-1946), and Philosophy of Science (1956-1959).

 

*  Hereafter thought I use the singular capitalized, I am not denying the proposition that there are many gods, or that the popular religions, besides Hinduism, though claiming only one god, they name a number of lesser gods and other heavenly being, such as angels, devils, seraphims, blessed souls, saints, etc.

INTERNAL SITE SEARCH ENGINE BY GOOGLE